YES!
However, PvP is supposed to be consensual. Attacking pilots near stations is not allowed and will be severely reprimandedcarries severe RP consequences. Strike forces will be deployed to destroy aggressors in station monitored space. Be aware that killing pilots without consent may alter your faction standing. If your faction standing drops too low you will be labeled KOS (kill on Sight) and squadrons of bots will be deployed to attack and kill you if you enter that faction's monitored space.
If a pilot wanders away from monitored space they are running the risk of being engaged in PvP. These pilots should be prepared to fight or flee any time they leave monitored space. Pilots are encouraged to form coveys or fly in groups for protection when traveling in unmonitored space.